Superwinds and Superbubbles

Photoionization Models

The hydrogen temperature profiles (T_H [K]; left panels) along with the adiabatic prediction (red dashed line) in the CPI and NPI cases, and the line emissivities (ε_i [erg cm⁻³ s⁻¹]; right panels) of the superwind models on a logarithmic scale, from top to bottom, in the PI (pure photoionization), CPI (collisional ionization + photoionization), and NPI (non-equilibrium photoionization) cases (§3), for wind terminal speed V_∞ [km s⁻¹], metallicity Ẑ ≡ Z/Z_⊙, mass-loss rate Ṁ_sc [M_⊙ yr⁻¹], cluster radius R_sc = 1 pc, and age t = 1 Myr, surrounded by the ambient medium with density n_amb [cm⁻³] and temperature T_amb determined by CLOUDY, producing a wind model in the mode denoted in the title (described in §4). Bottom Panels: The hydrogen density profiles (n_H [cm⁻³]; left panels) along with the adiabatic prediction (red dashed lines), and the ionic fractions (F_i; right panels) on a logarithmic scale for the PI, CPI, and NPI cases. The start and end of the hot bubble (region b), the end of the shell (region c), and the Strömgren radius are shown by dotted, dashed, dash-dotted, and solid lines (gray color), respectively.

V∞ [km s−1] = × Ẑ0.13 250    500    1000 Ṁsc [M⊙ yr−1] = × Ẑ0.72 Ẑ ≡ Z/Z⊙ = 1    1/2    1/4    1/8 namb [cm−3] =
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Citation

If you use an animations of our hydrodynamic simulation in a scholarly work, please cite these papers:

@article{Danehkar2022,
  author = {{Danehkar}, A. and {Oey}, M. S. and {Gray}, W. J.},
  title = {Catastrophic Cooling in Superwinds. III. Nonequilibrium Photoionization},
  journal = {ApJ},
  volume = {937},
  number = {2},
  pages = {68},
  year = {2022},
  doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac8cec}
}
@article{Danehkar2021,
  author = {{Danehkar}, A. and {Oey}, M. S. and {Gray}, W. J.},
  title = {Catastrophic Cooling in Superwinds. II. Exploring the Parameter Space},
  journal = {ApJ},
  volume = {921},
  number = {1},
  pages = {91},
  year = {2021},
  doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/ac1a76}
}